The Use of Banduras Social Learning Theory in Schools free essay sample

One of the focal inhabitants of Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory, which is likewise called Social Cognitive Theory, is that â€Å"aggression in kids is impacted by the support of relatives, the media, and the environment† (Bandura, 1975, pp. 206-208). Evans (1989) proposed that the reason for Bandura’s hypotheses originated from work finished by scientists Miller and Dollard (1941) who recommended that human improvement is effectively impacted by â€Å"response consequences† (Evans, 1989, p. 4), yet paying little heed to the catalyst for Bandura’s work, he is generally known for his work in regards to animosity in youngsters. This paper will concentrate on why the standards of Bandura’s Social Learning Theory will profit pioneers in school conditions as they address conduct issues from a human improvement point of view One of the most renowned tests Bandura is credited with is the Bobo doll try. This investigation looks at Bandura’s hypothesis that animosity has three aspectsâ€how the hostility creates, what incites the conduct and what components discover that an individual would depend on forceful conduct in a comparable circumstance later on. We will compose a custom paper test on The Use of Banduras Social Learning Theory in Schools or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page While directing this trial, Bandura had a gathering of youngsters watch a video where an on-screen character is assaulting a plastic comedian. The forceful conduct indicated incorporates the on-screen character punching the doll, hitting it with articles and flinging it around the room (Bandura, 1976). Next, these youngsters were put in a room that had comparable toys appeared in the video, yet they were not permitted to contact the toys. Subsequently, the youngsters got annoyed with this limitation and after a time allotment, the analysts found that 88% of the kids displayed the equivalent forceful conduct saw on the video. Is all the more upsetting that eight months after the fact a reverberating 40% of a similar gathering of kids displayed forceful practices that were like their past lead (Isom, 1998). The Social Learning Theory recommends that people learn through immediate and vicarious fortification. Bandura proposed the develop of self-viability as a ground-breaking go between impacting which learned practices we really endeavor and proceed. Along these lines, from a human formative point of view, the self-viability trademark can help understudies in fathoming the connection between current conduct and future outcomes (Evans, 1989). Bandura likewise noticed that there were four particular procedures that impact a child’s conduct †consideration, maintenance, engine generation and inspiration. During the consideration stage, a kid will watch practices directed around them and if this consideration is exhaustive enough, the youngster will retain the responses and purposes behind the forceful conduct demonstrated. Bandura accepted that the subsequent stage, maintenance, is likewise fundamentally significant in light of the fact that it is this re-institution that makes the conduct be moved to the drawn out memory of the youngster. Obviously, regardless of whether the kid has retained the activities, they despite everything need to have the physical ascribes important to duplicate an activity they have seen, however there is minimal physical adroitness expected to hit or punch something (Isom, 1998). The last period of this procedure is the inspiration for the conduct. In Bandura’s analyze the kids watched a grown-up commended for carrying on severely, and this is sufficient, under Bandura’s hypothesis, to solidify those activities into a repeatable reaction by the kid at a later stage. Bandura accepts this hypothesis likewise bolsters the ascent in the quantity of forceful youngsters in horror regions (Isom, 1998). It is this connection between's seen practices and saw outcomes that could demonstrate the most significant to pioneers endeavoring to tackle issues in a school situation. On the off chance that Bandura’s hypothesis is exact, at that point it is sensible to expect that a control of the information procedures could likewise be valid, in that the youngsters in Bandura’s test just showed forceful conduct after they saw the positive results the conduct caused for the entertainer in the video. In this way, an expansion of the familiar proverb beneficial things happen to great individuals may be used with positive outcomes among the more forceful youngsters in the study hall. This hypothesis will unavoidably help pioneers in taking care of conduct issues from a human advancement point of view. Despite the fact that there is no proof that Bandura led follow up contemplates that deliberate the degree of hostility appeared in youngsters in the wake of viewing a grown-up scolded or rebuffed for their rough activities, it is conceivable to expect that it is the affirmation part of the conduct that may be progressively persuasive on kids instead of the forceful conduct in seclusion. Indeed, even since early on, a youngster may show a type of conduct that may be inventive, yet it is the response the kid gets from that example of conduct that sets the model of conduct as a reaction to specific activities. Along these lines, if school pioneers use Bandura’s hypothesis in the scholarly condition, we can decrease forceful practices and support positive and valuable people. References Bandura, A. (1975). Social learning and character advancement: NJ: Holt, Rinehart Winston, Inc. Bandura, A. , Ribes-Inesta, E. (1976). Examination of misconduct and animosity. NJ: Lawrence Eribaum Associates, Inc. Evans, R. I. (1989). Albert Bandura: The man and his thoughts, NY: Praeger. Isom, M. D. (1998, November 30). The social learning hypothesis. Recovered March 3, 2005, from http://www. criminology. fsu. edu/crimtheory/bandura. htm. Mill operator Dollard. (1941). Social learning and impersonation. New Haven: Yale University Press.

All Adoption Records Should be Open to Adopted People over Eighteen Years Old

The issues of having selection records open for access by the embraced individuals who are more than eighteen years has caused a great deal of warmed discussion in America. There has been an upset in the reception scene as a portion of the states have authorized the opening of recently fixed selection documents.There are seething discussions because of the contention which is brought by opening and fixing the appropriation records. The privilege of the birth parent to protection is weighed against the principal right of the embraced grown-up to know and the privilege to equity. This paper looks to draw out the reasons regarding why these recently fixed archives ought to be open for received adults.There are in excess of 6,000,000 adoptees in the United States of America. At present, just six states in America offer the open examination of reception records. These are Tennessee, Hawaii, Delaware, Alabama, Kansas and Alaska (Mabry and Kelly, 357).In a large portion of different states, the first birth authentication and the appropriation archives are not open to anybody without a court request. Alabama permits the opening of these archives simply after assent while Oregon and Tennessee additionally require assent from the court. In Tennessee, the grown-up adoptee is prohibited for setting up contact.Some states suggest the utilization of explicit pursuit and assent conventions which require the organization to find either individual from the reception group of three enquire whether they would permit their personality to be uncovered to the next part (Mabry and Kelly, 359).The selection ternion alludes to the embraced grown-up, the received guardians and the birth guardians.  Opening selection archives or records alludes to making an assortment of beforehand secret and fixed data accessible to an individual from the reception triad.These appropriation records can be either the first unammended birth declaration, the court records from the reception and other cla ssified data including the appropriation agencys’ reports which may uncover the personality of any of the individuals from the group of three (Mabry and Kelly, 369).After an assenting situation is concluded, the first records and reports continuing from these cases are closed.Most embraced grown-ups are agreeable to the opening of the appropriation reports essentially to facilitate their quest for their introduction to the world guardians or wipe out the requirement for a hunt. They contend that keeping these reports fixed from received grown-ups, hinders with their passionate status and prevents them from claiming their entitlement to know the personality of their folks like each other person.Adoption records were at first fixed so as to ensure any individuals from the selection set of three from the predominant mentalities of the time. There was a great deal of social shame emerging from wrongness and barrenness. Individuals were additionally criticized dependent on their r iches or different highlights in their families.The courts felt that the introduction of the set of three particularly the youngster to these perspectives would impede their latent capacity. Fixing appropriation archives permitted the embraced kid to grow up without these extra weights from the general public (Mabry and Kelly, 436).The principle reason concerning why the selection reports were fixed was to shield the reception ternion from social disgrace related with wrongness and infertility.The changing occasions have wiped out this shame as a great many individuals these days decide not to get hitched, to become single guardians or even get hitched and decide not to have any youngsters. Any shame related with both of these has been disintegrated over time.The opening of appropriation records just for received grown-ups beyond eighteen years old years guarantees that they are as of now sincerely and intellectually created and the odds of their introduction to the world guardians influencing their improvement is minimized.Adoption archives permit the embraced grown-up to discover of any hereditary conditions which they may have acquired from their introduction to the world guardians. The information on any hereditary inclination to dangerous ailments permits the received grown-up to look for help early.This likewise permits early location of any ailments and might spare lives (Siegel, 17). In situations where the embraced grown-ups likewise plan on having their own youngsters, it is fundamental for them to know about any prospects of giving hereditary conditions to their kids and settle on educated choices dependent on these facts.Adopted grown-ups may likewise require organ transplants. The best organ transplants are from hereditarily indistinguishable people since there are less odds of dismissal. For the received grown-up, this suggests they need to contact their introduction to the world guardians and some other kin they may have for potential donors.The grown-up who is embraced at youth has the crucial option to know the character of his folks (Mabry and Kelly, 508). These unanswered inquiries bring a lifetime of disarray and loss of identity.The contract between the two arrangements of guardians is entered in the interest of the received youngster. When the kid arrives at eighteen years, they are legitimately equipped for settling on most lawful choices and they ought to be treated as grown-ups who reserve the option to choose whether they require data with respect to the birth parents.In situations where they decide to approach, the data ought to be profited promptly (Siegel, 17). The United States of America is established on the fundamental of balance for every one of its residents. Opening reception reports guarantees that embraced individuals are given equivalent option to know their folks, like their non received partners (Blanton and Deschner, 534).The embraced people ought to be given a similar right as every other person .  This thusly brings true serenity and the received grown-ups can proceed onward with their lives.There are numerous individuals who feel that the opening of these recently shut archives ought to be denied and grown-up adoptees ought not be given data in regards to their introduction to the world guardians. The individuals who restrict the opening of these reports demand that the birth guardians may not need contact from the kids (DuPrau, 28).The supporters of opening appropriation records demand that the opening of these archives doesn't really suggest aim of contact. Much of the time the grown-up adoptee is essentially inquisitive or is resolved to recognizing any hereditary ailments of the birth guardians (Blanton and Deschner, 530 .The issue of individuals leaning toward fetus removal to reception because of the repercussions of the youngsters later searching for them has likewise been discussed. The supporters of open reports keep up that the two issues are random and the pa ces of premature birth have not expanded in states that have permitted open appropriation archives (Cocozzell, 36).There is no requirement for the birth parent to feel shaky in light of the fact that most states indicate no contact except if it is allowed. The birth guardians have no awaiting parental duties on the received grown-up and the main thing they look for is data on their personality and conceivable their ailment. In certain occurrences birth guardians who surrendered their kids for selection are additionally keen on reaching and are alleviated when the received grown-ups get in touch with them (Cocozzell, 36).There are likewise contentions that demand that the distinguishing proof of birth guardians is a danger to the relationship of the embraced individual with their new parents. While it might be valid for an embraced kid, for a grown-up adoptee, the recognizable proof of the birth guardians isn't a danger to their relationship with the new parents (DuPrau, 18).In end, all reception archives ought to be available to every received individuals beyond eighteen years old years. This permits correspondence to all individuals and gives the embraced grown-ups genuine feelings of serenity with respect to any inquiries they may have concerning their way of life just as any potential hereditary conditions which, they may have acquired from their introduction to the world parents.REFERENCESBlanton L. and Deschner Jeanne, â€Å"Biological Mothers' Grief: The Post assenting Experience in Open versus Secret Adoption,† Child Welfare 59 (1990): 525-535.Cocozzelli Carmello, â€Å"Predicting the Decision of Biological Mothers to Retain or Relinquish Their Babies for Adoption: Implications for Open Placement,† Child Welfare 68 (1999): 33-44.DuPrau Jeanne. Appropriation: the realities, sentiments, and issues of a twofold legacy. Michigan: University of Michigan, 2007. 16-99.

Review Reading for Thinking

Review Reading for Thinking I have this dream that one day there will be a student who will spend a year or two working on his reading comprehension skills before taking the TOEFL. Maybe hes an freshman undergraduate who knows he will do his graduate studies in the USA. Or maybe hes a high school student. If I ever find this student, Reading for Thinking is the book I would recommend to him.This is a great book to spend a year with and to use as a sort of “strategy guide” as you engage with a variety of books, articles and magazines.The book starts by describing methods that can be used to increase ones comprehension of academic texts that can be applied in a variety of contexts. Interestingly, the books reading paraphrase strategy (pages 16 to 21, 7th edition) mirror one of the strategies that my friend Josh MacPherson uses to teach the TOEFL reading section at TST Prep.The third chapter of the book includes strategies for identifying paragraph elements which, if done quickly, will also be quite useful on test day when students need to answer factual information questions. Obviously this is not a TOEFL book, and it doesnt take into account the pressure to work really quickly that students have on test day, but those with a long time to prepare for the test have the luxury of focusing on how to parse academic texts in a more general way.There are also sections on building an academic vocabulary. Thats not something I think is especially important for people who have a short term to prepare for the TOEFL, but is another thing that students who have a long time to prepare can focus on.What makes this book a perfect study companion is that it contains a couple of dozen really wonderful academic articles, all of which are close to the same difficult level as the real test (though perhaps a bit easier). These are accompanied by ample skill-building exercises.Anyways, you can buy the most recent edition on Amazon (8th edition, 2014) but I recommend the 7th edition (2011) because used copies from Amazon are super cheap.

What Is Free Trade Definition, Pros, and Cons

In the simplest of terms, free trade is the total absence of government policies restricting the import and export of goods and services. While economists have long argued that trade among nations is the key to maintaining a healthy global economy, few efforts to actually implement pure free-trade policies have ever succeeded. What exactly is free trade, and why do economists and the general public view it so differently?  Ã‚  Ã‚   Key Takeaways: Free Trade Free trade is the unrestricted importing and exporting of goods and services between countries. The opposite of free trade is protectionism—a highly-restrictive trade policy intended to eliminate competition from other countries. Today, most industrialized nations take part in hybrid free trade agreements (FTAs), negotiated multinational pacts which allow for, but regulate tariffs, quotas, and other trade restrictions.  Ã‚   Free Trade Definition Free trade is a largely theoretical policy under which governments impose absolutely no tariffs, taxes, or duties on imports, or quotas on exports. In this sense, free trade is the opposite of protectionism, a defensive trade policy intended to eliminate the possibility of foreign competition.  Ã‚   In reality, however, governments with generally free-trade policies still impose some measures to control imports and exports. Like the United States, most industrialized nations negotiate â€Å"free trade agreements,† or FTAs with other nations which determine the tariffs, duties, and subsidies the countries can impose on their imports and exports. For example, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), between the United States, Canada, and Mexico is one of the best-known FTAs. Now common in international trade, FTA’s rarely result in pure, unrestricted free trade. In 1948, the United States along with more than 100 other countries agreed to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), a pact that reduced tariffs and other barriers to trade between the signatory countries. In 1995, GATT was replaced by the World Trade Organization (WTO). Today, 164 countries, accounting for 98% of all world trade belong to the WTO. Despite their participation in FTAs and global trade organizations like the WTO, most governments still impose some protectionist-like trade restrictions such as tariffs and subsidies to protect local employment. For example, the so-called â€Å"Chicken Tax,† a 25% tariff on certain imported cars, light trucks, and vans imposed by President Lyndon Johnson in 1963 to protect U.S. automakers remains in effect today.   Free Trade Theories Since the days of the Ancient Greeks, economists have studied and debated the theories and effects of international trade policy. Do trade restrictions help or hurt the countries that impose them? And which trade policy, from strict protectionism to totally free trade is best for a given country? Through the years of debates over the benefits versus the costs of free trade policies to domestic industries, two predominant theories of free trade have emerged: mercantilism and comparative advantage. Mercantilism Mercantilism is the theory of maximizing revenue through exporting goods and services. The goal of mercantilism is a favorable balance of trade, in which the value of the goods a country exports exceeds the value of goods it imports. High tariffs on imported manufactured goods are a common characteristic of mercantilist policy. Advocates argue that mercantilist policy helps governments avoid trade deficits, in which expenditures for imports exceeds revenue from exports. For example, the United States, due to its elimination of mercantilist policies over time, has suffered a trade deficit since 1975.   Dominant in Europe from the 16th to the 18th centuries, mercantilism often led to colonial expansion and wars. As a result, it quickly declined in popularity. Today, as multinational organizations such as the WTO work to reduce tariffs globally, free trade agreements and non-tariff trade restrictions are supplanting mercantilist theory. Comparative Advantage Comparative advantage holds that all countries will always benefit from cooperation and participation in free trade. Popularly attributed to English economist David Ricardo and his 1817 book â€Å"Principles of Political Economy and Taxation,† the law of comparative advantage refers to a country’s ability to produce goods and provide services at a lower cost than other countries. Comparative advantage shares many of the characteristics of globalization, the theory that worldwide openness in trade will improve the standard of living in all countries. Comparative advantage is the opposite of absolute advantage—a country’s ability to produce more goods at a lower unit cost than other countries. Countries that can charge less for its goods than other countries and still make a profit are said to have an absolute advantage. Pros and Cons of Free Trade Would pure global free trade help or hurt the world? Here are a few issues to consider. 5 Advantages of Free Trade It stimulates economic growth: Even when limited restrictions like tariffs are applied, all countries involved tend to realize greater economic growth. For example, the Office of the US Trade Representative estimates that being a signatory of NAFTA (the North American Free Trade Agreement) increased the United States’ economic growth by 5% annually.It helps consumers: Trade restrictions like tariffs and quotas are implemented to protect local businesses and industries. When trade restrictions are removed, consumers tend to see lower prices because more products imported from countries with lower labor costs become available at the local level.It increases foreign investment: When not faced with trade restrictions, foreign investors tend to pour money into local businesses helping them expand and compete. In addition, many developing and isolated countries benefit from an influx of money from U.S. investors.It reduces government spending: Governments often subsidize local indus tries, like agriculture, for their loss of income due to export quotas. Once the quotas are lifted, the government’s tax revenues can be used for other purposes.It encourages technology transfer: In addition to human expertise, domestic businesses gain access to the latest technologies developed by their multinational partners. 5 Disadvantages of Free Trade It causes job loss through outsourcing: Tariffs tend to prevent job outsourcing by keeping product pricing at competitive levels. Free of tariffs, products imported from foreign countries with lower wages cost less. While this may be seemingly good for consumers, it makes it hard for local companies to compete, forcing them to reduce their workforce. Indeed, one of the main objections to NAFTA was that it outsourced American jobs to Mexico.It encourages theft of intellectual property: Many foreign governments, especially those in developing countries, often fail to take intellectual property rights seriously. Without the protection of patent laws, companies often have their innovations and new technologies stolen, forcing them to compete with lower-priced domestically-made fake products.It allows for poor working conditions:  Similarly, governments in developing countries rarely have laws to regulate and ensure safe and fair working conditions. Because free trade is partially depen dent on a lack of government restrictions, women and children are often forced to work in factories doing heavy labor under slave-like working conditions.It can harm the environment: Emerging countries have few, if any environmental protection laws. Since many free trade opportunities involve the exporting of natural resources like lumber or iron ore, clear-cutting of forests and un-reclaimed strip mining often decimate local environments.It reduces revenues: Due to the high level of competition spurred by unrestricted free trade, the businesses involved ultimately suffer reduced revenues. Smaller businesses in smaller countries are the most vulnerable to this effect. In the final analysis, the goal of business is to realize a higher profit, while the goal of government is to protect its people. Neither unrestricted free trade nor total protectionism will accomplish both. A mixture of the two, as implemented by multinational free trade agreements, has evolved as the best solution. Sources and Further Reference Baldwin, Robert E. The Political Economy of U.S. Import Policy, Cambridge: MIT Press, 1985Hugbauer, Gary C., and Kimberly A. Elliott. Measuring the Costs of Protection in the United States. Institute for International Economics, 1994Irwin, Douglas A. Free Trade Under Fire. Princeton University Press, 2005Mankiw, N. Gregory. Economists Actually Agree on This: The Wisdom of Free Trade. New York Times (April 24, 2015)Ricardo, David. Principles of Political Economy and Taxation. The Library of Economics and Liberty

The Healthcare Industry Face And Ways - 3472 Words

Abstract During this research I will discuss the challenges that the Healthcare Industry face and ways to mitigate these risks. It will also discuss security safeguards that will assist with preventing data breaches, from physical security up to network security. Protecting the organization data is the most important thing in a Healthcare facility. In the Healthcare industry, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) has security rules that were established to protect individuals’ electronic personal health information (ePHI). There has been countless number of data breaches lately in healthcare facilities. They are at a much-much larger risk with the demand of healthcare facilities switching all of the data to an Electronic Health Records system. â€Å"Electronic Health Records is an electronic version of a patient’s medical history, that is maintained by the provider over time, and may include all of the key administrative clinical data relevant to tha t persons care under a particular provider, including demographics, progress notes, problems, medications, vital signs, past medical history, immunizations, laboratory data and radiology reports.† (Centers for Medicare Medicaid Services, 2012) There has been a rule created called the â€Å"Breach Notification Rule† which I will explain in detail. The security of the nation’s critical infrastructures is something that needs to be addressed, we are at risk in many different areas. WeShow MoreRelatedHealth Care Industry Paper1546 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Health Care Industry Paper Lucionda Berry HCS/449 May 14, 2013 Dr. Leslie Freeman Introduction In today’s society, healthcare and the issues surrounding the topic has went through some major changes within the last decade. Some of these changes in my opinion were decent andRead MoreBig Data And Healthcare Industry1344 Words   |  6 Pagesservice in healthcare industry, data plays an important role. So it’s necessary to understand the fact that the big data must be used in a right way to make health service industries successful. For managing and analysing the big data it’s important to have a good knowledge about the healthcare data complexity, framework, technologies for â€Å"big data analytics in healthcare industries†. 1. Healthcare complexity: -Analysing big data in healthcare is much more complex as compare to other industries, becauseRead MoreCurrent Trends in Business Communication847 Words   |  4 Pagesyears have made communication possible in different ways. Communication in the business world today can range anywhere from e-mails, personal digital assistants, text messaging, instant messaging, and through the use of web-cams, just to name a few. These different communication tools allow employees to communicate both internally and externally in a timely and more efficient manner. The current trends in communication within the healthcare industry make it easier for health care professionals to performRead MoreLanguage And The Health Disparities1492 Words   |  6 PagesCan you imagine the how the healthcare industry would be without language, what seems to be impossible to imagine is the everyday reality of some patients because of their native language. Language is a major contribution t o the health disparities that some populations face, because it makes it difficult for some patients to communicate their problems as well as understand the care they provided. Language contributes to the health disparities that some populations face because it creates a barrierRead MoreCase Study : The Healthcare Industry Essay1493 Words   |  6 Pagesthat the healthcare industry has only become digitized in the past 10 to 15 years, therefore most organizations are not prepared and find themselves behind the curve from a cybersecurity readiness perspective. The Healthcare industry is a prime target for adversaries (cyber criminals, hacktivist and nation states) because of the highly sought after data it possesses, robbers rob banks because that is where the money is, to put it in simple terms. My objective is to help ABC Healthcare manage cybersecurityRead MoreHealthcare Management Project809 Words   |  4 Pages Fred Davenport, this project will focus on the new technologies that Healthcare IT Company has introduced and/or are considering to assist in the enhancement of daily communication and production. Employees carry out the day to day organizational tasks, but there needs to be collaboration between both management and employees to achieve maximum performance. With the input of management, this project will focus on Healthcare IT Company’s Philosophy of Innovation, Identifying Types of InnovationsRead MoreRunning Head: Accessibility Of Healthcare For Undeserved1540 Words   |  7 PagesACCESSIBILITY OF HEALTHCARE FOR UNDESERVED POPULATIONS 1 Accessibility of Healthcare for Undeserved Populations Name: Institution:  Introduction Skewed provision of healthcare services to common populations is not a new issue in the world. in the developed world, social stratification of populations goes beyond social borders; deep into service provision in hospitals. Probably unethical, provision of inequitable services to undeserved populations has craved its way deep into the healthcare industryRead MoreDrug Cost Is Very High Even If The Patient Chooses To A1729 Words   |  7 Pagesundeniably one of the key components that adds to the cost of healthcare. Biologic drugs such as Humira can cost the insurance companies thousands of dollars and still leave the patient to contribute a high portion of the cost. Individuals who take several medications sometimes will skip doses so that the medication can last longer or aren t filling the prescription which is not beneficial to their health. The elderly population faces a huge struggle as many are on a limited income and paying forRead MoreAccess to Healthcare in the US: Article Analysis687 Words   |  3 PagesAccess to Health Care in the U.S, which highlights the key issues of the healthcare system in US and how has it impacted the society as a whole. The healthcare system based on social inequalities has a lot of shortcomings which are discussed in the essay. For many decades the access to health care system in America has been an integral social issue. Of all the western countries US is the only country without a universal healthcare access. The health care system charges a fee to provide access to healthRead MoreImpact Of Quality On Managed Care Contracting And Pricing802 Words   |  4 PagesImpact of Quality on Managed Care Contracting and Pricing Healthcare industry provides services to people who have some kind of disease or illness. Because it is directly connected to life and its wellbeing, it is important that these services have some high quality measurements to evaluate that they are good enough to save life and will not bring any harm. Importance of quality of healthcare treatment There are many reasons for why one would like to get high quality treatment. The main reason is

Fdi in North America Free Essays

Analysis of Foreign Direct Investments of North America Kristin Daughdril amp; William Cassidy Business Administration 418 Abstract Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is an investment involving a long-term relationship and reflecting a lasting interest in and control by a resident entity in one economy of an enterprise resident in a different economy (UNCTAD). There are two types of FDI, inflows and outflows, which can be used to help determine the investment strategies and economies of countries engaged in FDI. North America has been the source of nearly one-half of all investment and almost three-quarters of the jobs created throughout the globe (Huggins, 442). We will write a custom essay sample on Fdi in North America or any similar topic only for you Order Now North America is probably the most important continent when it comes to dealing with FDI. The three main countries of North America, the United States, Canada, and Mexico, all rank in the top 15 of world economies, proving them to be desirable partners in FDI transactions. The trends of FDI discussed in this report will be unparalleled to this information and can lead to some predictions on how future trends of the countries of North America will continue to be superior to that of the other continents of the world. Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment, FDI Inflow, FDI Outflow Foreign Direct Investment is investment of a company located in a different country either by buying a company in the country or expanding its business into the country. FDI can be done for many purposes. Companies may have tax incentives abroad, cheaper labor, abundant resources, target-specific markets or other reasons to enter into direct investment with a foreign country. Three components of FDI include equity capital, reinvestment earnings, and intra-company loans. These three components are the values that, if changed, will affect FDI first-hand. FDI inflows are flows of investment into the reporting country from a non-resident entity. Outflows are just the opposite. They are the reporting countries’ investments into a country abroad. FDI has become a major factor in accessing economic power in the world economy. The North American continent consists of many countries including the United States, Canada, Bermuda, Greenland, Mexico, Belize, Haiti, the Bahamas, Jamaica, and many others. This report focuses on the only two developed countries in North America, US and Canada, as well as another top economy of the world, Mexico. It has been found that North America has been the source of one-half of all foreign direct investment in the globe (Huggins, 442). All three countries are ranked in the top 15 in world economies. All three counties are members of WTO and, in spite of the differences in views on international trade and investment among the three countries; they entered NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement). NAFTA, along with the Canadian US Free Trade Agreement, CUSFTA, has increased the desirability of interest in the North American economic integration (Bird, 406). In the Americas, FDI is governed by a multi-layered system of agreements that include national investment statutes, bilateral investment treaties, free trade agreements, common markets, and multilateral instruments (Haslem). NAFTA: Recently, foreign direct investment has changed from relying on how much a country exports, to now focusing more on trade between countries. In order to focus more on trade, many countries have abolished some trade barriers between countries, causing countries to do away with the protectionism strategy. Mexico, Canada, and the US decided to become a part of the North American Free Trade Agreement. This agreement allows the countries to trade freely. As a result of NAFTA, their foreign direct investment rose dramatically; Mexico, as well as Canada, has seen a great increase in FDI and import production. This also lowers the cost of trading between these countries because they are close to each other. This reduces the cost of transportation, causing an incentive to trade together. This treaty is a big reason for Mexico and Canada’s success. Mexico: Mexico is the second largest recipient of FDI in Latin America and the Caribbean. Foreign direct investment plays a big role with Mexico’s success. More countries participate in trade with countries that have an open economy, since they do not have as many taxes and tariffs that many protectionist countries have. According to the World Investment Report 2006 published by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), in 2005, ‘Mexico received more than 19 billion U. S dollars which puts it among the top 13 in the world and among the top four in developing countries. The United States has a big impact on Mexico’s economy. The spike in foreign direct invest in 2001 was due to the $12. 5 billion purchase of Banamex by United States’ Citigroup. This caused a dramatic increase in the FDI of Mexico in 2001. By looking at the graph of FDI flows within Mexico, it appears that there was a major drop of FDI in 2002; this is only due to 2001 being such a good year for Mexico. Canada: Foreign direct investment in Canada has increased dramatically from 1990 to 2002, an increase of four and a half times within these twelve years. The United States has a major affect on FDI in Canada. In 2001, United States obtained 90 percent of the inflows and 62 percent of the outflows. This is due to the signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement which has increased the cross-border transactions between the two countries. The removal of trade barriers has had a positive effect on the FDI in Canada. The increased presence of international entities in Canada helps to provide favorable economic conditions which are attractive to foreign investors. Since NAFTA, foreign direct investment has increased continuously; without it, Canada’s FDI would not be what it is today. United States: The United States have recently dominated the foreign investment playing field among the world economies. The position of the outward flow of FDI has exceeded that of the inward flow every year since 1982. Inflow and outflow are mainly dealt with developed economies, the largest partner being the United Kingdom, closely followed by Canada. Mexico is ranked number 12 as FDI partners with the US. Inward flows of FDI come mainly from the UK, Japan, Canada, and Switzerland. The US experienced steady growth from 1992 to 1998 followed by rapid growth in FDI inflow in 1999 and 2000. The high level of capital inflows between 1999 and 2001 reflects the strong foreign interest in US technology and telecommunications firms during the stock market boom years, prior to the market downturn in 2001 (Bloodgood). 001 recorded the lowest inflow increase the US had seen in many years. This could be due to the terrorist attacks on the world trade centers, causing the stock market crash. Investors may have feared the threat of potential future terrorist attacks. By 2004, investors saw past this threat and the US inflows went on the rise again (Dutta). United States’ outward flow of FDI transact main ly with the UK, Canada, the Caribbean, and Bermuda (Bloodgood). The flow of FDI into other countries stayed steady up until 2004 when the flow increased drastically. This was due to reinvested earnings and the decline of the value of US dollar compared to important host affiliates. Earnings in several industries grew sharply. In 2005, the US recorded its lowest percentage increase in FDI since 1982. The reason for this was that reinvested earnings turned negative in 2005, as cumulative retained earnings of foreign affiliates were drawn down to fund distributors to US parent counties as a result of tax incentives provided by the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 (Koncz). The rise of outward FDI continued, however, to rise as though 2005 did not occur. Predictions: All three of the countries that have been studied from North America in the research paper have come across many setbacks and burdens in the past years when dealing with foreign direct investment. All three have also overcome many obstacles in order to pursue economic power by becoming international market influencers. All three counties show continued signs of reasonably steady growth in FDI outflow. Inward flow of FDI seems to be similar between the US and Canada. They have both had somewhat inconsistent rises in the inward flow. Nonetheless, they both continue trade with each other and probably will never decline in that particular area. Mexico has had relatively steady increases in inward flow of FDI and continue to rise, leading us to believe that they will continue on their pace to trying to become a developed economy. References Bird, F. , Vance, T. , ;amp; Wollstencroft, P. (2009). Fairness in International Trade and Investment: North American Perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 84, 405-425. Bloodgood, L. 2008). Inbound and Outbound U. S. Direct Investment with Leading Partner Companies. Journal of International Commerce ;amp; Economics, 63-111. Borga, M. , ;amp; Yorgason, D. R. (2002).   Direct Investment Position for 2001: Country and Industry Detail. Survey of Current Business, 82(7), 23-25. Braithwaite, W. , Ciardullo, J. (2006). Investors Set Sights on Canada. International Financial Law Review, 45-49. Dutta, A. S. , Theis, J. , ;amp; Su, R. (2007). FDI into the US, 1998-2004. International Journal of Finance, 19(2), 4370-4379. Galan, B. , Oladipo, O. 2009) Have Liberalization and NAFTA had a Positive Impact on Mexico’s Output Growth?. Journal of Applied Economics. 12(1):159-180. Haslem, Paul Alexander. (2010). The Evolution of the FDI Regime in the Americas. Third World Quarte rly, 31, 1181-1203. Huggins, R. , Demirbag, M. , ;amp; Ratcheva, V. (2007). Global Knowledge and R;amp;D FDI Flows. International Review of Applied Economics, 21 (3), 437-451. Koncz, J. L. , ;amp; Yorgason, D. R. (2006). Direct Investment Position for 2005: Country and Industry Detail. Survey of Current Business, 86 (7), 20-35. Koncz, J. L. , ;amp; Yorgason, D. R. (2005). Direct Investment Position for 2004: Country and Industry Detail. Survey of Current Business, 85 (7), 40-53. Leitao, N. (2010). Foreign Direct Investment: The Canadian Experience. International Journal Of Economics ;amp; Finance, 2(4), 82-88. Oladipo, O. S. , ;amp; Vasquez Galan, B. I. (2009). The Controversy About Foreign Direct Investment as a Source of Growth for the Mexican Economy. Problemas Del Desarrollo. Revista Latinoamericana De Economia, 40(158), 91-112. Rosenzweig, P. M. (1994). The New â€Å"American Challenge†: Foreign Multinationals in the US. California Management Review, 36 (3), 107-123. Tan cer, R. S. (1997). Foreign Investment in North America and the Pharmaceutical Industry in Canada. International Executive, 39 (2), 283-297. Waldkirch A. The Effects of Foreign Direct Investment in Mexico since NAFTA. World Economy [serial online]. May 2010;33(5):710-745. Mexico: Inward FDI flow Mexico: Outward FDI flow Canada: Inward FDI flow Canada: Outward FDI flow United States: Inward FDI flow United States: Outward FDI flow How to cite Fdi in North America, Papers

Martin Luther King Essays - Anglican Saints, Community Organizing

Martin Luther King Martin Luther King Jr. was a fine and strong man and should be viewed as such, along with other American heroes, such as Abraham Lincoln, and George Washington. He truly believed in his philosophy till his death. Martin Luther King Jr. was born on January 19, 1929, to Albert and Martin Luther King Sr. He was the second child in the family, with an older sister, and a younger brother coming later. As a boy, Martin was extremely smart, and could read before the age of six. He had already set academic standards for himself by stating that he would finish school priorr to his year older sister. In my opinion this could have had a major effect on King's life by encouraging him to learn faster and better. Martin was first exposed to racism at an early age, (probably six, none of my sources specified his exact age at the time) when he was not allowed to play with some white friends of his. Martin also became accustomed to his liberal ideas while he was still in grade school. This became known to his mother after Martin said "You know, when I grow up to be a man, I'm going to hit this thing, and hit it hard, Mother; there's no such thing as one people better than another. The Lord created us all equal , and I'm going to see to that." Over the years King was involved in many famous boycotts and marches, but none of them matched his famous march in Washington. He gave a speech that showed bigotry in the government. Now, just 20 years later, our country is changing, and helping to change South Africa. The key to all this success was Martin Luther King Jr. who showed us that one man, nonviolently, could make a difference. Most of all he made us realize that all men are created equal, and should be treated for what they are, not limited by their appearance or anything else in this world.